@conference{Disney2007,
  author       = {S.M. Disney},
  title        = {The dynamics of material flows in supply chains},
  booktitle    = {Keynote papers from OR49: The Annual Conference of the Operations Research Society},
  year         = {2007},
  pages        = {22 pages},
  address      = {Edinburgh, SCOTLAND},
  month        = {4th-6th September},
  url          = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395465475_The_dynamics_of_material_flows_in_supply_chains},
  abstract     = {This paper reviews a range of methodological approaches to solving the bullwhip problem. The bullwhip problem is a dynamic consequence of supply chain structures and replenishment policies. The roles of the structure of the demand process, the treatment of time (continuous v discrete), forecasting techniques and lead-times will be reviewed. In practice and in theory, a variety of techniques have been used to smooth the dynamics of supply chains. These include the use of sophisticated forecasting, pooling of demand and inventories, proportional feedback controllers and full-state feedback systems. Multi-echelon supply chains also present a number of interesting innovations. From the traditional, arms-length trading relationships, information sharing, vendor-managed inventory and echelon stock policies can be developed. More sophisticated collaboration and coordination mechanisms may also lead to altruistic behaviour and result in superior performance. The impact of these procedures will be examined. Finally, thoughts on new directions in bullwhip research will be given, and an industrial case study on bullwhip reduction is presented.}
  }