@article{Petropoulos2024, title = {Operational Research: Methods and Applications}, journal = {Journal of the Operational Research Society}, volume = {75}, pages = {423–617}, year = {2024}, doi = {10.1080/01605682.2023.2253852}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2023.2253852}, author = {Petropoulos, Fotios and Laporte, Gilbert and Aktas, Emel and Alumur, Sibel A and Archetti, Claudia and Ayhan, Hayriye and Battarra, Maria and Bennell, Julia A and Bourjolly, Jean-Marie and Boylan, John E and Breton, Mich{\`e}le and Canca, David and Charlin, Laurent and Chen, Bo and Cicek, Cihan Tugrul and Cox, Jr, Louis Anthony and Currie, Christine S M and Demeulemeester, Erik and Ding, Li and Disney, Stephen M and Ehrgott, Matthias and Eppler, Martin J and Erdo{\u g}an, G{\"u}ne{\c s} and Fortz, Bernard and Alberto Franco, L and Frische, Jens and Greco, Salvatore and Gregory, Amanda J and H{\"a}m{\"a}l{\"a}inen, Raimo P and Herroelen, Willy and Hewitt, Mike and Holmstr{\"o}m, Jan and Hooker, John N and I{\c s}{\i}k, Tu{\u g}{\c c}e and Johnes, Jill and Kara, Bahar Y and Karsu, {\"O}zlem and Kent, Katherine and K{\"o}hler, Charlotte and Kunc, Martin and Kuo, Yong-Hong and Letchford, Adam N and Leung, Janny and Li, Dong and Li, Haitao and Lienert, Judit and Ljubi{\'c}, Ivana and Lodi, Andrea and Lozano, Sebasti{\'a}n and Lurkin, Virginie and Martello, Silvano and McHale, Ian G and Midgley, Gerald and Morecroft, John D W and Mutha, Akshay and O{\u g}uz, Ceyda and Petrovic, Sanja and Pferschy, Ulrich and Psaraftis, Harilaos N and Rose, Sam and Saarinen, Lauri and Salhi, Said and Song, Jing-Sheng and Sotiros, Dimitrios and Stecke, Kathryn E and Strauss, Arne K and Tarhan, {\.I}sten{\c c} and Thielen, Clemens and Toth, Paolo and Vanden Berghe, Greet and Vasilakis, Christos and Vaze, Vikrant and Vigo, Daniele and Virtanen, Kai and Wang, Xun and Weron, Rafa{\l} and White, Leroy and Van Woensel, Tom and Yearworth, Mike and Alper Y{\i}ld{\i}r{\i}m, E and Zaccour, Georges and Zhao, Xuying}, keywords = {review; encyclopedia; theory; practice; principles; optimisation; programming; systems; simulation; decision making; models.}, abstract = {Throughout its history, Operational Research has evolved to include a variety of methods, models and algorithms that have been applied to a diverse and wide range of contexts. This encyclopedic article consists of two main sections: methods and applications. The first aims to summarise the up-to-date knowledge and provide an overview of the state-of-the-art methods and key developments in the various subdomains of the field. The second offers a wide-ranging list of areas where Operational Research has been applied. The article is meant to be read in a nonlinear fashion. It should be used as a point of reference or first-portof-call for a diverse pool of readers: academics, researchers, students, and practitioners. The entries within the methods and applications sections are presented in alphabetical order.} }