@Article{Disney2005,
author="Disney, S.M. and Farasyn, I. and Lambrecht, M. and Towill, D.R. and Van de Velde, W.",
title="Smooth is smart: Bullwhip, inventory, fill-rates and the golden ratio",
journal="Tijdschrift voor Economie en Management–Review of Business and Economic Literature",
year="2005",
volume="L",
number="2",
pages="167--186",
abstract="A major cause of supply chain deficiencies is the bullwhip effect. This effect refers to the tendency of the variance of the replenishment orders to increase as one moves up a supply chain. Supply chain managers experience this variance amplification in both inventory levels and replenishment orders. As a result, companies face shortages or bloated inventories, run-away transportation and warehousing costs and major production adjustment costs. In this article we analyze a major cause of the bullwhip effect and suggest a remedy. We focus on a unique replenishment rule that is able to reduce the bullwhip effect. In general, bullwhip reduction may have a negative impact on customer service due to inventory variance increases. Our analysis shows that bullwhip can be satisfactorily managed without unduly increasing stock levels to maintain target fill rates.",
url="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227433902_Smooth_is_Smart_Bullwhip_Inventory_Fill-Rates_and_the_Golden_Ratio"
}